Lens flare can occur when a bright light source appears in or at the very edge of a photograph and is often characterized by sun spots appearing throughout the image. It can also show up in your photographs as low contrast areas in your image. While the sun spots can sometimes add to your photo, the loss of contrast associated with flare rarely does.
Lens flare is caused when light enters the lens at such an angle that the light rays do not completely flow through the lens, but instead are reflected back and forth between lens elements. The sun spots created typically show the shape of the diaphragm (aperture blades) the camera was using at the time the photo was created. A lens with a 5 blade diaphragm will produce sun spots with 5 sides. The more problematic issue with flare though is the lack of contrast flare can introduce into a photo.
Lens manufacturers create lens hoods to help minimize lens flare and are made to fit a particular lens focal length but may not always be sufficient to block all of the flare. Lens hoods made for zoom lenses do not work as well as those made for prime (single focal length) lenses as the amount of coverage needed when zoomed to it’s longest focal length often creates a scenario when the lens is zoomed out to it’s shortest focal length, the lens hood itself will become part of the photo and cause vingnetting. As such, lens hoods are usually made to work best at the widest setting on the lens and become less effective the more the lens is zoomed in.
To prevent lens flare it is necessary to shade the lens from the light source. You can do this using a manufacturer supplied lens hood, your hand, a hat, a reflector or any other object that can block the light from falling on your lens. Just be sure that you do not place whatever you use to block the light so close that is can be seen in your photograph. A good rule of thumb is that the lens is in shadow, you will eliminate the flare.
The sequence of photos above were all shot with the same settings on the camera within 3 minutes of each other. The first image shows distinct lens flare with both the loss of contrast and sun spots easily visible. The second shows a slight loss of contrast on the upper left side of the bridge structure, but the reflector I used to block the sunlight is visible in the same corner. The third image shows a photo properly photographed subject without flare or the reflector used to block the sun. In order to get the shot, I needed to move my camera and recompose the photograph. Another alternative is to position yourself so that an object within your frame blocks the light source partially or completely, as I have done in this photo below. The sun spots are still visible, though overall contrast has been only slightly affected. In this instance, I think the lens flare adds to the photograph.
Lens flare happens to every photographer. It is inevitable. But a little knowledge up front on what causes it and how to reduce it can ensure you get photographs you are happy with.
Until next time, happy shooting.
The digital photography tip of the week is written by the PCIN Assistant Editor, Chris Empey. Chris is a long time photographer and is currently the President of the Niagara Falls Camera Club. You can see more of his photography at his Photo of the Day website.
If you have a tip to send Chris, or a question about digital photography he can address in the newsletter, send it to chris@pcin.net.
Thanks for the info, but if you don’t mind – I’d love to get a bit more detail on the differences between the three. I get the basic concept of lens flare, but am curious what you actually *did* to stop it.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/134/371400312_d15f104a6a_b.jpg
A good example of lens flare.
Zibri,
FYI ~ This is not lens flare but the use of a star filter…
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Lens flare can appear as a general haze across the picture that lightens it reducing contrast. It can also appear as streaks across the picture or shapes, usually circles, in the picture.
I find similiar tutorial about understanding and how to avoid lens flare when take a shoot… just for share
http://photograpyreview.blogspot.com/2011/10/understanding-lens-flare.html